真正要紧的四个日期
| 日期 | 什么时候 | 意味着什么 |
|---|---|---|
| 春季终霜 (50%) | Mar 15 | 有一半的年份会在这个日期之后还结霜。这是平均值,不是保证。 |
| 春季终霜 (10%) | Apr 4 | 只有十年里的一年会在这之后结霜。凡是不能重种的作物,就按这个日期来。 |
| 秋季初霜 (50%) | Nov 20 | 有一半的年份会在这个日期之前结霜。秋菜就是从这里往回推算的。 |
| 秋季初霜 (10%) | Nov 4 | 早霜年份。如果某种作物必须收成,就争取在这之前收。 |
Atlanta 的春夏播种
这些日期是按本地自己的终霜日期算出来的,不是照搬通用的分区表。“最佳月相日” 是每个时间窗里落在该作物传统月相上的那几天——和 App 用的是同一条规则。
| 作物 | 室内育苗 | 露地定植 | 最佳月相日 | 收获天数 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strawberry (crowns) transplant |
— | Jan 14 – Feb 22 | Feb 1 Full Moon |
perennial — first real harvest next season |
| Garlic cloves/sets 更适合秋播——见下文 |
— | Jan 27 – Feb 27 | Feb 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
240–300 |
| Asparagus (crowns) transplant |
— | Feb 1 – Mar 8 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
perennial — first real harvest 2–3 years |
| Chives either |
Jan 18 | Feb 1 – Mar 8 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
75–90 |
| Onion (from sets/transplants) cloves/sets |
— | Feb 1 – Mar 8 | Feb 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
90–120 |
| Peas (English/snap) direct sow |
— | Feb 1 – Mar 8 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
55–75 |
| Spinach direct sow |
— | Feb 1 – Mar 8 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
35–50 |
| Cabbage transplant |
Jan 11 | Feb 8 – Mar 8 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
65–90 |
| Collards either |
Feb 1 | Feb 8 – Mar 29 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
55–85 |
| Kale either |
Feb 1 | Feb 8 – Mar 15 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
50–65 |
| Lettuce (leaf) either |
Feb 8 | Feb 8 – Apr 5 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
40–55 |
| Potato cloves/sets |
— | Feb 8 – Mar 15 | Mar 3 Full Moon |
70–120 |
| Radish direct sow |
— | Feb 8 – Apr 5 | Feb 8, Mar 4–8 Waning Gibbous |
22–35 |
| Turnip direct sow |
— | Feb 8 – Mar 22 | Feb 8, Mar 4–8 Waning Gibbous |
40–60 |
| Broccoli transplant |
Jan 11 | Feb 13 – Mar 15 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
55–80 |
| Brussels Sprouts transplant |
Jan 11 | Feb 13 – Mar 15 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
90–110 |
| Leek transplant |
Jan 4 | Feb 13 – Mar 15 | Mar 4–9 Waning Gibbous |
100–120 |
| Lettuce (head) transplant |
Jan 25 | Feb 13 – Mar 15 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
60–85 |
| Parsley either |
Jan 11 | Feb 13 – Mar 22 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
70–90 |
| Parsnip direct sow |
— | Feb 13 – Mar 22 | Mar 3 Full Moon |
100–150 |
| Shallot cloves/sets 更适合秋播——见下文 |
— | Feb 13 – Mar 15 | Mar 4–9 Waning Gibbous |
90–120 |
| Beet direct sow |
— | Feb 15 – Apr 5 | Mar 3, Apr 1 Full Moon |
50–65 |
| Kohlrabi either |
Feb 1 | Feb 15 – Mar 22 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
45–60 |
| Carrot direct sow |
— | Feb 22 – Apr 5 | Mar 3, Apr 1 Full Moon |
65–85 |
| Cauliflower transplant |
Jan 11 | Feb 22 – Mar 15 | Feb 22–23 Waxing Crescent |
55–80 |
| Cilantro direct sow |
— | Feb 22 – Apr 5 | Feb 22–23, Mar 19–22 Waxing Crescent |
45–70 |
| Swiss Chard direct sow |
— | Feb 22 – Apr 14 | Feb 22–23, Mar 19–22 Waxing Crescent |
50–60 |
| Dill direct sow |
— | Mar 1 – Apr 14 | Mar 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
40–60 |
| Cucumber either |
Feb 22 | Mar 15 – Apr 14 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
50–70 |
| Green Beans (bush) direct sow |
— | Mar 15 – Apr 29 | Mar 25, Apr 23 First Quarter |
50–65 |
| Oregano transplant |
Jan 18 | Mar 15 – Apr 5 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Sage transplant |
Jan 18 | Mar 15 – Apr 5 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Sweet Corn direct sow |
— | Mar 15 – Apr 29 | Mar 25, Apr 23 First Quarter |
60–100 |
| Thyme transplant |
Jan 18 | Mar 15 – Apr 5 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Zucchini / Summer Squash either |
Feb 22 | Mar 15 – Apr 14 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
45–60 |
| Basil either |
Feb 1 | Mar 22 – Apr 14 | Mar 22–24 Waxing Crescent |
30–60 |
| Dry Beans direct sow |
— | Mar 22 – Apr 19 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
85–100 |
| Pole Beans direct sow |
— | Mar 22 – Apr 24 | Mar 25, Apr 23 First Quarter |
60–75 |
| Pumpkin direct sow |
Feb 22 | Mar 22 – Apr 19 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
90–120 |
| Rosemary transplant |
Mar 15 | Mar 22 – Apr 14 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Tomatillo transplant |
Feb 1 | Mar 22 – Apr 14 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
60–75 |
| Tomato transplant |
Feb 1 | Mar 22 – Apr 14 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
60–85 |
| Winter Squash direct sow |
Feb 22 | Mar 22 – Apr 19 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
85–110 |
| Cantaloupe / Muskmelon either |
Feb 22 | Mar 29 – Apr 19 | — First Quarter |
75–90 |
| Eggplant transplant |
Jan 18 | Mar 29 – Apr 19 | — First Quarter |
60–90 |
| Okra direct sow |
Feb 15 | Mar 29 – Apr 24 | Apr 23 First Quarter |
50–70 |
| Pepper transplant |
Jan 18 | Mar 29 – Apr 19 | — First Quarter |
60–90 |
| Sweet Potato slips |
— | Mar 29 – Apr 24 | Apr 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
90–150 |
| Watermelon either |
Feb 22 | Mar 29 – Apr 19 | — First Quarter |
70–90 |
Atlanta 的秋季播种
秋季日期是从初霜往回推算的,而且还要为“秋季系数”多留出时间:白天 越来越短、越来越凉,作物长得比种子袋上写的慢。播得太晚,是秋菜失败最常见的一个原因。
| 作物 | 播种或定植 | 最佳月相日 | 收获天数 | 耐寒性 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tomato | Jul 5 – Aug 10 | Jul 21 | 60–85 | very tender |
| Brussels Sprouts | Jul 8 – Jul 25 | Jul 15–20 | 90–110 | hardy |
| Potato | Jul 13 – Aug 14 | Jul 29 | 70–120 | semi-hardy |
| Sweet Corn | Jul 18 – Aug 10 | Jul 21 | 60–100 | tender |
| Pole Beans | Jul 28 – Aug 10 | — | 60–75 | tender |
| Parsley | Jul 31 – Aug 14 | Aug 13–14 | 70–90 | semi-hardy |
| Okra | Aug 2 – Sep 1 | Aug 19 | 50–70 | very tender |
| Cabbage | Aug 7 – Aug 19 | Aug 13–18 | 65–90 | hardy |
| Carrot | Aug 7 – Aug 19 | — | 65–85 | semi-hardy |
| Collards | Aug 7 – Aug 29 | Aug 13–18 | 55–85 | hardy |
| Cucumber | Aug 7 – Aug 20 | Aug 19 | 50–70 | tender |
| Broccoli | Aug 12 – Aug 29 | Aug 13–18 | 55–80 | hardy |
| Cauliflower | Aug 12 – Aug 29 | Aug 13–18 | 55–80 | semi-hardy |
| Green Beans (bush) | Aug 12 – Aug 20 | Aug 19 | 50–65 | tender |
| Lettuce (head) | Aug 12 – Aug 24 | Aug 13–18 | 60–85 | semi-hardy |
| Peas (English/snap) | Aug 12 – Aug 29 | Aug 19 | 55–75 | hardy |
| Beet | Aug 17 – Sep 3 | Aug 28 | 50–65 | semi-hardy |
| Kale | Aug 17 – Sep 3 | Aug 17–18 | 50–65 | hardy |
| Swiss Chard | Aug 17 – Sep 3 | Aug 17–18 | 50–60 | semi-hardy |
| Zucchini / Summer Squash | Aug 17 – Aug 25 | Aug 19 | 45–60 | tender |
| Basil | Aug 22 – Sep 9 | — | 30–60 | very tender |
| Kohlrabi | Aug 22 – Sep 8 | — | 45–60 | hardy |
| Cilantro | Aug 27 – Sep 8 | — | 45–70 | semi-hardy |
| Lettuce (leaf) | Aug 27 – Sep 13 | Sep 11–13 | 40–55 | semi-hardy |
| Turnip | Aug 27 – Sep 13 | Aug 29–Sep 3 | 40–60 | hardy |
| Spinach | Sep 1 – Sep 18 | Sep 11–16 | 35–50 | hardy |
| Dill | Sep 6 – Sep 13 | Sep 11–13 | 40–60 | semi-hardy |
| Radish | Sep 6 – Oct 1 | Sep 27–Oct 1 | 22–35 | hardy |
| Garlic | Oct 21 – Dec 11 | Oct 27–31, Nov 25 | 240–300 | hardy |
| Shallot | Nov 4 – Dec 5 | Nov 25–30 | 90–120 | hardy |
这些数字从哪儿来
本页的霜冻日期是实测的站点常态值,不是估算:数据来自 Atlanta Hartsfield Intl Ap(GHCN USW00013874),它是 NOAA 1991–2020 年 《Climate Normals》所收 6,808 个美国站点之一。耐寒分区来自 2023 年 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map。作物时间以相对于你自己 霜冻日期的天数偏移量表示,取自各大学推广部(Extension)的种植指南。
这些数据到底有多准?
Extension recommendations for the same crop routinely disagree by two to four weeks, and occasionally more, so these offsets should be presented as windows and starting points rather than deadlines. Three things drive the spread. (1) Regional risk tolerance: for warm-season crops, Colorado State and Utah State put tomatoes, peppers and melons out about 14 days after the last frost, while University of Missouri's calendar works out to roughly 25-35 days after the last frost and University of Maryland's window runs from the frost date itself out to 45 days past it. That is a real 6-week spread for the single most popular garden crop, and it exists because a short-season mountain state is optimizing against a short season while a humid continental state is optimizing against cold, wet spring soil. (2) Soil temperature versus calendar date: most Extension services now say the honest trigger is soil temperature at 4 inches, not the frost date, and the frost-relative number is a convenience translation. A cold, wet spring can push the real date two or three weeks past the calendar recommendation. (3) Days-to-maturity is variety-specific and is measured differently for direct-seeded versus transplanted crops - seed catalogs count from transplant date for tomatoes, peppers, eggplant and cole crops, but from sowing for roots and greens - so a 'days to maturity' range of 60-85 for tomato is genuinely 60-85 depending on which packet you bought. Additionally, the average last frost is a 50% probability, meaning half of all years have a frost after that date; Extension services commonly advise waiting 1-2 weeks past it for anything frost-tender, or being prepared to cover. Treat every number here as plus or minus about 10-14 days.
关于气象站本身:一个气象站只是一个点。城市会蓄热,山谷会积冷空气, 朝北坡地上的菜园可能比一英里外的晚上两周。把这一页当成起点,让你自己的菜园去修正它—— App 里的日记正是为此而设。
附近的地点
Atlanta 的播种提醒
每逢新月和满月发一封短信,告诉你 Atlanta 现在正好在哪些作物的种植窗口里——依据本页的霜冻日期算出。免费,一键退订。
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想在菜园里用手机看?Moon Phase Garden 把你的霜冻日期、种植时间窗和今晚的月相放在一处, 离线也能用,还能让你用自家菜园的实际情况覆盖这些日期。免费,无广告。