真正要紧的四个日期
| 日期 | 什么时候 | 意味着什么 |
|---|---|---|
| 春季终霜 (50%) | Apr 20 | 有一半的年份会在这个日期之后还结霜。这是平均值,不是保证。 |
| 春季终霜 (10%) | May 5 | 只有十年里的一年会在这之后结霜。凡是不能重种的作物,就按这个日期来。 |
| 秋季初霜 (50%) | Oct 24 | 有一半的年份会在这个日期之前结霜。秋菜就是从这里往回推算的。 |
| 秋季初霜 (10%) | Oct 11 | 早霜年份。如果某种作物必须收成,就争取在这之前收。 |
Bridgeport 的春夏播种
这些日期是按本地自己的终霜日期算出来的,不是照搬通用的分区表。“最佳月相日” 是每个时间窗里落在该作物传统月相上的那几天——和 App 用的是同一条规则。
| 作物 | 室内育苗 | 露地定植 | 最佳月相日 | 收获天数 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strawberry (crowns) transplant |
— | Feb 19 – Mar 30 | Mar 3 Full Moon |
perennial — first real harvest next season |
| Garlic cloves/sets 更适合秋播——见下文 |
— | Mar 4 – Apr 4 | Mar 4–9 Waning Gibbous |
240–300 |
| Asparagus (crowns) transplant |
— | Mar 9 – Apr 13 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
perennial — first real harvest 2–3 years |
| Chives either |
Feb 23 | Mar 9 – Apr 13 | Mar 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
75–90 |
| Onion (from sets/transplants) cloves/sets |
— | Mar 9 – Apr 13 | Mar 9–10, Apr 2–5 Waning Gibbous |
90–120 |
| Peas (English/snap) direct sow |
— | Mar 9 – Apr 13 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
55–75 |
| Spinach direct sow |
— | Mar 9 – Apr 13 | Mar 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
35–50 |
| Cabbage transplant |
Feb 16 | Mar 16 – Apr 13 | Mar 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
65–90 |
| Collards either |
Mar 9 | Mar 16 – May 4 | Mar 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
55–85 |
| Kale either |
Mar 9 | Mar 16 – Apr 20 | Mar 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
50–65 |
| Lettuce (leaf) either |
Mar 16 | Mar 16 – May 11 | Mar 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
40–55 |
| Potato cloves/sets |
— | Mar 16 – Apr 20 | Apr 1 Full Moon |
70–120 |
| Radish direct sow |
— | Mar 16 – May 11 | Apr 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
22–35 |
| Turnip direct sow |
— | Mar 16 – Apr 27 | Apr 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
40–60 |
| Broccoli transplant |
Feb 16 | Mar 21 – Apr 20 | Mar 21–24, Apr 18–19 Waxing Crescent |
55–80 |
| Brussels Sprouts transplant |
Feb 16 | Mar 21 – Apr 20 | Mar 21–24, Apr 18–19 Waxing Crescent |
90–110 |
| Leek transplant |
Feb 9 | Mar 21 – Apr 20 | Apr 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
100–120 |
| Lettuce (head) transplant |
Mar 2 | Mar 21 – Apr 20 | Mar 21–24, Apr 18–19 Waxing Crescent |
60–85 |
| Parsley either |
Feb 16 | Mar 21 – Apr 27 | Mar 21–24, Apr 18–19 Waxing Crescent |
70–90 |
| Parsnip direct sow |
— | Mar 21 – Apr 27 | Apr 1 Full Moon |
100–150 |
| Shallot cloves/sets 更适合秋播——见下文 |
— | Mar 21 – Apr 20 | Apr 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
90–120 |
| Beet direct sow |
— | Mar 23 – May 11 | Apr 1, May 1 Full Moon |
50–65 |
| Kohlrabi either |
Mar 9 | Mar 23 – Apr 27 | Mar 23–24, Apr 18–21 Waxing Crescent |
45–60 |
| Carrot direct sow |
— | Mar 30 – May 11 | Apr 1, May 1 Full Moon |
65–85 |
| Cauliflower transplant |
Feb 16 | Mar 30 – Apr 20 | Apr 18–20 Waxing Crescent |
55–80 |
| Cilantro direct sow |
— | Mar 30 – May 11 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
45–70 |
| Swiss Chard direct sow |
— | Mar 30 – May 20 | Apr 18–22, May 17 Waxing Crescent |
50–60 |
| Dill direct sow |
— | Apr 6 – May 20 | Apr 18–22, May 17 Waxing Crescent |
40–60 |
| Cucumber either |
Mar 30 | Apr 20 – May 20 | Apr 23 First Quarter |
50–70 |
| Green Beans (bush) direct sow |
— | Apr 20 – Jun 4 | Apr 23, May 23 First Quarter |
50–65 |
| Oregano transplant |
Feb 23 | Apr 20 – May 11 | Apr 23 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Sage transplant |
Feb 23 | Apr 20 – May 11 | Apr 23 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Sweet Corn direct sow |
— | Apr 20 – Jun 4 | Apr 23, May 23 First Quarter |
60–100 |
| Thyme transplant |
Feb 23 | Apr 20 – May 11 | Apr 23 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Zucchini / Summer Squash either |
Mar 30 | Apr 20 – May 20 | Apr 23 First Quarter |
45–60 |
| Basil either |
Mar 9 | Apr 27 – May 20 | May 17–20 Waxing Crescent |
30–60 |
| Dry Beans direct sow |
— | Apr 27 – May 25 | May 23 First Quarter |
85–100 |
| Pole Beans direct sow |
— | Apr 27 – May 30 | May 23 First Quarter |
60–75 |
| Pumpkin direct sow |
Mar 30 | Apr 27 – May 25 | May 23 First Quarter |
90–120 |
| Rosemary transplant |
Apr 20 | Apr 27 – May 20 | — First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Tomatillo transplant |
Mar 9 | Apr 27 – May 20 | — First Quarter |
60–75 |
| Tomato transplant |
Mar 9 | Apr 27 – May 20 | — First Quarter |
60–85 |
| Winter Squash direct sow |
Mar 30 | Apr 27 – May 25 | May 23 First Quarter |
85–110 |
| Cantaloupe / Muskmelon either |
Mar 30 | May 4 – May 25 | May 23 First Quarter |
75–90 |
| Eggplant transplant |
Feb 23 | May 4 – May 25 | May 23 First Quarter |
60–90 |
| Okra direct sow |
Mar 23 | May 4 – May 30 | May 23 First Quarter |
50–70 |
| Pepper transplant |
Feb 23 | May 4 – May 25 | May 23 First Quarter |
60–90 |
| Sweet Potato slips |
— | May 4 – May 30 | May 4–8 Waning Gibbous |
90–150 |
| Watermelon either |
Mar 30 | May 4 – May 25 | May 23 First Quarter |
70–90 |
Bridgeport 的秋季播种
秋季日期是从初霜往回推算的,而且还要为“秋季系数”多留出时间:白天 越来越短、越来越凉,作物长得比种子袋上写的慢。播得太晚,是秋菜失败最常见的一个原因。
| 作物 | 播种或定植 | 最佳月相日 | 收获天数 | 耐寒性 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tomato | Jun 8 – Jul 14 | Jun 21 | 60–85 | very tender |
| Brussels Sprouts | Jun 11 – Jun 28 | Jun 15–20 | 90–110 | hardy |
| Potato | Jun 16 – Jul 18 | Jun 29 | 70–120 | semi-hardy |
| Sweet Corn | Jun 21 – Jul 14 | Jun 21 | 60–100 | tender |
| Pole Beans | Jul 1 – Jul 14 | — | 60–75 | tender |
| Parsley | Jul 4 – Jul 18 | Jul 15–18 | 70–90 | semi-hardy |
| Okra | Jul 6 – Aug 5 | Jul 21 | 50–70 | very tender |
| Cabbage | Jul 11 – Jul 23 | Jul 15–20 | 65–90 | hardy |
| Carrot | Jul 11 – Jul 23 | — | 65–85 | semi-hardy |
| Collards | Jul 11 – Aug 2 | Jul 15–20 | 55–85 | hardy |
| Cucumber | Jul 11 – Jul 24 | Jul 21 | 50–70 | tender |
| Broccoli | Jul 16 – Aug 2 | Jul 16–20 | 55–80 | hardy |
| Cauliflower | Jul 16 – Aug 2 | Jul 16–20 | 55–80 | semi-hardy |
| Green Beans (bush) | Jul 16 – Jul 24 | Jul 21 | 50–65 | tender |
| Lettuce (head) | Jul 16 – Jul 28 | Jul 16–20 | 60–85 | semi-hardy |
| Peas (English/snap) | Jul 16 – Aug 2 | Jul 21 | 55–75 | hardy |
| Beet | Jul 21 – Aug 7 | Jul 29 | 50–65 | semi-hardy |
| Kale | Jul 21 – Aug 7 | — | 50–65 | hardy |
| Swiss Chard | Jul 21 – Aug 7 | — | 50–60 | semi-hardy |
| Zucchini / Summer Squash | Jul 21 – Jul 29 | Jul 21 | 45–60 | tender |
| Basil | Jul 26 – Aug 13 | Aug 13 | 30–60 | very tender |
| Kohlrabi | Jul 26 – Aug 12 | — | 45–60 | hardy |
| Cilantro | Jul 31 – Aug 12 | — | 45–70 | semi-hardy |
| Lettuce (leaf) | Jul 31 – Aug 17 | Aug 13–17 | 40–55 | semi-hardy |
| Turnip | Jul 31 – Aug 17 | Jul 31–Aug 4 | 40–60 | hardy |
| Spinach | Aug 5 – Aug 22 | Aug 13–18 | 35–50 | hardy |
| Dill | Aug 10 – Aug 17 | Aug 13–17 | 40–60 | semi-hardy |
| Radish | Aug 10 – Sep 4 | Aug 29–Sep 3 | 22–35 | hardy |
| Garlic | Sep 24 – Nov 14 | Sep 27–Oct 2 | 240–300 | hardy |
| Shallot | Oct 8 – Nov 8 | Oct 27–31 | 90–120 | hardy |
这些数字从哪儿来
Bridgeport 城内没有长期记录的气象站,所以这里的霜冻日期是 模型推算的,不是实测的。它来自一张半度分辨率的气候网格:把 6,808 个 NOAA 站点(1991–2020 常态值)的 结霜日期与地形、2023 年 USDA 耐寒栅格拟合之后,再读取你所在城市落在的那个网格。拿这些站点本身做校验, 该模型平均误差大约在一周以内——分区与站点完全吻合的比例为 67%,相差不超过半个分区的比例为 97%。 一个网格大约覆盖 35 × 28 英里,所以这是一个“街区级”的答案,不是“后院级”的。如果你附近有 有气象站支撑的地点, 优先用那一个。
这些数据到底有多准?
Extension recommendations for the same crop routinely disagree by two to four weeks, and occasionally more, so these offsets should be presented as windows and starting points rather than deadlines. Three things drive the spread. (1) Regional risk tolerance: for warm-season crops, Colorado State and Utah State put tomatoes, peppers and melons out about 14 days after the last frost, while University of Missouri's calendar works out to roughly 25-35 days after the last frost and University of Maryland's window runs from the frost date itself out to 45 days past it. That is a real 6-week spread for the single most popular garden crop, and it exists because a short-season mountain state is optimizing against a short season while a humid continental state is optimizing against cold, wet spring soil. (2) Soil temperature versus calendar date: most Extension services now say the honest trigger is soil temperature at 4 inches, not the frost date, and the frost-relative number is a convenience translation. A cold, wet spring can push the real date two or three weeks past the calendar recommendation. (3) Days-to-maturity is variety-specific and is measured differently for direct-seeded versus transplanted crops - seed catalogs count from transplant date for tomatoes, peppers, eggplant and cole crops, but from sowing for roots and greens - so a 'days to maturity' range of 60-85 for tomato is genuinely 60-85 depending on which packet you bought. Additionally, the average last frost is a 50% probability, meaning half of all years have a frost after that date; Extension services commonly advise waiting 1-2 weeks past it for anything frost-tender, or being prepared to cover. Treat every number here as plus or minus about 10-14 days.
关于气象站本身:一个气象站只是一个点。城市会蓄热,山谷会积冷空气, 朝北坡地上的菜园可能比一英里外的晚上两周。把这一页当成起点,让你自己的菜园去修正它—— App 里的日记正是为此而设。
附近的地点
Bridgeport 的播种提醒
每逢新月和满月发一封短信,告诉你 Bridgeport 现在正好在哪些作物的种植窗口里——依据本页的霜冻日期算出。免费,一键退订。
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想在菜园里用手机看?Moon Phase Garden 把你的霜冻日期、种植时间窗和今晚的月相放在一处, 离线也能用,还能让你用自家菜园的实际情况覆盖这些日期。免费,无广告。