Las cuatro fechas que importan
| Fecha | Cuándo | Qué significa |
|---|---|---|
| Última helada de primavera (50 %) | May 13 | La mitad de los años hiela después de esta fecha. Es una media, no una garantía. |
| Última helada de primavera (10 %) | May 27 | Solo un año de cada diez hiela después de esta fecha. Úsala para lo que no puedas permitirte replantar. |
| Primera helada de otoño (50 %) | Sep 28 | La mitad de los años hiela antes de esta fecha. Los cultivos de otoño se cuentan hacia atrás desde aquí. |
| Primera helada de otoño (10 %) | Sep 15 | Un año de helada temprana. Si un cultivo tiene que terminar, apunta a cosechar antes de esta fecha. |
Siembra de primavera y verano en Minot
Las fechas se calculan con la última helada de este lugar, no con una tabla genérica por zona. Los «mejores días lunares» son los días de cada ventana que caen en la fase tradicional del cultivo, la misma regla que usa la app.
| Cultivo | Sembrar dentro | Plantar fuera | Mejores días lunares | Días hasta la cosecha |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strawberry (crowns) transplant |
— | Mar 14 – Apr 22 | Apr 1 Full Moon |
perennial — first real harvest next season |
| Garlic cloves/sets Mejor sembrarlo en otoño: mira abajo |
— | Mar 27 – Apr 27 | Apr 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
240–300 |
| Asparagus (crowns) transplant |
— | Apr 1 – May 6 | Apr 23 First Quarter |
perennial — first real harvest 2–3 years |
| Chives either |
Mar 18 | Apr 1 – May 6 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
75–90 |
| Onion (from sets/transplants) cloves/sets |
— | Apr 1 – May 6 | Apr 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
90–120 |
| Peas (English/snap) direct sow |
— | Apr 1 – May 6 | Apr 23 First Quarter |
55–75 |
| Spinach direct sow |
— | Apr 1 – May 6 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
35–50 |
| Cabbage transplant |
Mar 11 | Apr 8 – May 6 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
65–90 |
| Collards either |
Apr 1 | Apr 8 – May 27 | Apr 18–22, May 17 Waxing Crescent |
55–85 |
| Kale either |
Apr 1 | Apr 8 – May 13 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
50–65 |
| Lettuce (leaf) either |
Apr 8 | Apr 8 – Jun 3 | Apr 18–22, May 17 Waxing Crescent |
40–55 |
| Potato cloves/sets |
— | Apr 8 – May 13 | May 1 Full Moon |
70–120 |
| Radish direct sow |
— | Apr 8 – Jun 3 | Apr 8, May 2–6 Waning Gibbous |
22–35 |
| Turnip direct sow |
— | Apr 8 – May 20 | Apr 8, May 2–6 Waning Gibbous |
40–60 |
| Broccoli transplant |
Mar 11 | Apr 13 – May 13 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
55–80 |
| Brussels Sprouts transplant |
Mar 11 | Apr 13 – May 13 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
90–110 |
| Leek transplant |
Mar 4 | Apr 13 – May 13 | May 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
100–120 |
| Lettuce (head) transplant |
Mar 25 | Apr 13 – May 13 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
60–85 |
| Parsley either |
Mar 11 | Apr 13 – May 20 | Apr 18–22, May 17 Waxing Crescent |
70–90 |
| Parsnip direct sow |
— | Apr 13 – May 20 | May 1 Full Moon |
100–150 |
| Shallot cloves/sets Mejor sembrarlo en otoño: mira abajo |
— | Apr 13 – May 13 | May 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
90–120 |
| Beet direct sow |
— | Apr 15 – Jun 3 | May 1, May 31 Full Moon |
50–65 |
| Kohlrabi either |
Apr 1 | Apr 15 – May 20 | Apr 18–22, May 17 Waxing Crescent |
45–60 |
| Carrot direct sow |
— | Apr 22 – Jun 3 | May 1, May 31 Full Moon |
65–85 |
| Cauliflower transplant |
Mar 11 | Apr 22 – May 13 | Apr 22 Waxing Crescent |
55–80 |
| Cilantro direct sow |
— | Apr 22 – Jun 3 | Apr 22, May 17–21 Waxing Crescent |
45–70 |
| Swiss Chard direct sow |
— | Apr 22 – Jun 12 | Apr 22, May 17–21 Waxing Crescent |
50–60 |
| Dill direct sow |
— | Apr 29 – Jun 12 | May 17–22 Waxing Crescent |
40–60 |
| Cucumber either |
Apr 22 | May 13 – Jun 12 | May 23 First Quarter |
50–70 |
| Green Beans (bush) direct sow |
— | May 13 – Jun 27 | May 23, Jun 21 First Quarter |
50–65 |
| Oregano transplant |
Mar 18 | May 13 – Jun 3 | May 23 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Sage transplant |
Mar 18 | May 13 – Jun 3 | May 23 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Sweet Corn direct sow |
— | May 13 – Jun 27 | May 23, Jun 21 First Quarter |
60–100 |
| Thyme transplant |
Mar 18 | May 13 – Jun 3 | May 23 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Zucchini / Summer Squash either |
Apr 22 | May 13 – Jun 12 | May 23 First Quarter |
45–60 |
| Basil either |
Apr 1 | May 20 – Jun 12 | May 20–22 Waxing Crescent |
30–60 |
| Dry Beans direct sow |
— | May 20 – Jun 17 | May 23 First Quarter |
85–100 |
| Pole Beans direct sow |
— | May 20 – Jun 22 | May 23, Jun 21 First Quarter |
60–75 |
| Pumpkin direct sow |
Apr 22 | May 20 – Jun 17 | May 23 First Quarter |
90–120 |
| Rosemary transplant |
May 13 | May 20 – Jun 12 | May 23 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Tomatillo transplant |
Apr 1 | May 20 – Jun 12 | May 23 First Quarter |
60–75 |
| Tomato transplant |
Apr 1 | May 20 – Jun 12 | May 23 First Quarter |
60–85 |
| Winter Squash direct sow |
Apr 22 | May 20 – Jun 17 | May 23 First Quarter |
85–110 |
| Cantaloupe / Muskmelon either |
Apr 22 | May 27 – Jun 17 | — First Quarter |
75–90 |
| Eggplant transplant |
Mar 18 | May 27 – Jun 17 | — First Quarter |
60–90 |
| Okra direct sow |
Apr 15 | May 27 – Jun 22 | Jun 21 First Quarter |
50–70 |
| Pepper transplant |
Mar 18 | May 27 – Jun 17 | — First Quarter |
60–90 |
| Sweet Potato slips |
— | May 27 – Jun 22 | Jun 1–6 Waning Gibbous |
90–150 |
| Watermelon either |
Apr 22 | May 27 – Jun 17 | — First Quarter |
70–90 |
Siembra de otoño en Minot
Las fechas de otoño se cuentan hacia atrás desde la primera helada y añaden tiempo por el «factor de otoño»: los días se acortan y refrescan, así que el cultivo crece más despacio de lo que promete el sobre. Sembrar tarde es la forma más común de que falle un huerto de otoño.
| Cultivo | Sembrar o trasplantar | Mejores días lunares | Días hasta la cosecha | Resistencia al frío |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brussels Sprouts | May 16 – Jun 2 | May 17–22 | 90–110 | hardy |
| Potato | May 21 – Jun 22 | May 31 | 70–120 | semi-hardy |
| Parsley | Jun 8 – Jun 22 | Jun 15–20 | 70–90 | semi-hardy |
| Cabbage | Jun 15 – Jun 27 | Jun 15–20 | 65–90 | hardy |
| Carrot | Jun 15 – Jun 27 | — | 65–85 | semi-hardy |
| Collards | Jun 15 – Jul 7 | Jun 15–20 | 55–85 | hardy |
| Cucumber | Jun 15 – Jun 28 | Jun 21 | 50–70 | tender |
| Broccoli | Jun 20 – Jul 7 | Jun 20 | 55–80 | hardy |
| Cauliflower | Jun 20 – Jul 7 | Jun 20 | 55–80 | semi-hardy |
| Lettuce (head) | Jun 20 – Jul 2 | Jun 20 | 60–85 | semi-hardy |
| Peas (English/snap) | Jun 20 – Jul 7 | Jun 21 | 55–75 | hardy |
| Beet | Jun 25 – Jul 12 | Jun 29 | 50–65 | semi-hardy |
| Kale | Jun 25 – Jul 12 | — | 50–65 | hardy |
| Swiss Chard | Jun 25 – Jul 12 | — | 50–60 | semi-hardy |
| Zucchini / Summer Squash | Jun 25 – Jul 3 | — | 45–60 | tender |
| Basil | Jun 30 – Jul 18 | Jul 15–18 | 30–60 | very tender |
| Kohlrabi | Jun 30 – Jul 17 | Jul 15–17 | 45–60 | hardy |
| Cilantro | Jul 5 – Jul 17 | Jul 15–17 | 45–70 | semi-hardy |
| Lettuce (leaf) | Jul 5 – Jul 22 | Jul 15–20 | 40–55 | semi-hardy |
| Turnip | Jul 5 – Jul 22 | Jul 5–6 | 40–60 | hardy |
| Spinach | Jul 10 – Jul 27 | Jul 15–20 | 35–50 | hardy |
| Dill | Jul 15 – Jul 22 | Jul 15–20 | 40–60 | semi-hardy |
| Radish | Jul 15 – Aug 9 | Jul 30–Aug 4 | 22–35 | hardy |
| Garlic | Aug 29 – Oct 19 | Aug 29–Sep 3 | 240–300 | hardy |
| Shallot | Sep 12 – Oct 13 | Sep 27–Oct 2 | 90–120 | hardy |
De dónde salen estos números
No hay ninguna estación meteorológica con registro largo dentro de Minot, así que estas fechas de helada son modeladas, no observadas. Salen de una malla climática de medio grado construida ajustando las fechas de helada de 6.808 estaciones de la NOAA (normales 1991–2020) contra el terreno y el ráster de rusticidad del USDA de 2023, y leyendo luego la celda en la que cae tu ciudad. Contrastado con las propias estaciones, ese modelo acierta con una semana de margen de media, y su zona coincide exactamente con la de la estación el 67 % de las veces y dentro de media zona el 97 %. Una celda cubre unas 35 por 28 millas, así que esto es una respuesta de barrio, no de patio trasero. Si hay una ubicación con estación real cerca de ti, prefiérela.
¿Qué precisión tiene todo esto?
Extension recommendations for the same crop routinely disagree by two to four weeks, and occasionally more, so these offsets should be presented as windows and starting points rather than deadlines. Three things drive the spread. (1) Regional risk tolerance: for warm-season crops, Colorado State and Utah State put tomatoes, peppers and melons out about 14 days after the last frost, while University of Missouri's calendar works out to roughly 25-35 days after the last frost and University of Maryland's window runs from the frost date itself out to 45 days past it. That is a real 6-week spread for the single most popular garden crop, and it exists because a short-season mountain state is optimizing against a short season while a humid continental state is optimizing against cold, wet spring soil. (2) Soil temperature versus calendar date: most Extension services now say the honest trigger is soil temperature at 4 inches, not the frost date, and the frost-relative number is a convenience translation. A cold, wet spring can push the real date two or three weeks past the calendar recommendation. (3) Days-to-maturity is variety-specific and is measured differently for direct-seeded versus transplanted crops - seed catalogs count from transplant date for tomatoes, peppers, eggplant and cole crops, but from sowing for roots and greens - so a 'days to maturity' range of 60-85 for tomato is genuinely 60-85 depending on which packet you bought. Additionally, the average last frost is a 50% probability, meaning half of all years have a frost after that date; Extension services commonly advise waiting 1-2 weeks past it for anything frost-tender, or being prepared to cover. Treat every number here as plus or minus about 10-14 days.
Sobre la estación en sí: una estación meteorológica es un punto. Las ciudades retienen el calor, los valles acumulan aire frío y un huerto en ladera norte puede ir dos semanas por detrás de otro a una milla. Toma esta página como punto de partida y deja que tu propio huerto la corrija: para eso está el diario de la app.
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