Las cuatro fechas que importan
| Fecha | Cuándo | Qué significa |
|---|---|---|
| Última helada de primavera (50 %) | Feb 21 | La mitad de los años hiela después de esta fecha. Es una media, no una garantía. |
| Última helada de primavera (10 %) | Mar 15 | Solo un año de cada diez hiela después de esta fecha. Úsala para lo que no puedas permitirte replantar. |
| Primera helada de otoño (50 %) | Dec 6 | La mitad de los años hiela antes de esta fecha. Los cultivos de otoño se cuentan hacia atrás desde aquí. |
| Primera helada de otoño (10 %) | Nov 15 | Un año de helada temprana. Si un cultivo tiene que terminar, apunta a cosechar antes de esta fecha. |
Siembra de primavera y verano en Mobile
Las fechas se calculan con la última helada de este lugar, no con una tabla genérica por zona. Los «mejores días lunares» son los días de cada ventana que caen en la fase tradicional del cultivo, la misma regla que usa la app.
| Cultivo | Sembrar dentro | Plantar fuera | Mejores días lunares | Días hasta la cosecha |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Garlic cloves/sets Mejor sembrarlo en otoño: mira abajo |
— | Jan 5 – Feb 5 | Jan 5–9, Feb 2 Waning Gibbous |
240–300 |
| Asparagus (crowns) transplant |
— | Jan 10 – Feb 14 | Jan 25 First Quarter |
perennial — first real harvest 2–3 years |
| Chives either |
Dec 27 | Jan 10 – Feb 14 | Jan 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
75–90 |
| Onion (from sets/transplants) cloves/sets |
— | Jan 10 – Feb 14 | Feb 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
90–120 |
| Peas (English/snap) direct sow |
— | Jan 10 – Feb 14 | Jan 25 First Quarter |
55–75 |
| Spinach direct sow |
— | Jan 10 – Feb 14 | Jan 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
35–50 |
| Cabbage transplant |
Dec 20 | Jan 17 – Feb 14 | Jan 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
65–90 |
| Collards either |
Jan 10 | Jan 17 – Mar 7 | Jan 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
55–85 |
| Kale either |
Jan 10 | Jan 17 – Feb 21 | Jan 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
50–65 |
| Lettuce (leaf) either |
Jan 17 | Jan 17 – Mar 14 | Jan 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
40–55 |
| Potato cloves/sets |
— | Jan 17 – Feb 21 | Feb 1 Full Moon |
70–120 |
| Radish direct sow |
— | Jan 17 – Mar 14 | Feb 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
22–35 |
| Turnip direct sow |
— | Jan 17 – Feb 28 | Feb 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
40–60 |
| Broccoli transplant |
Dec 20 | Jan 22 – Feb 21 | Jan 22–24, Feb 18–20 Waxing Crescent |
55–80 |
| Brussels Sprouts transplant |
Dec 20 | Jan 22 – Feb 21 | Jan 22–24, Feb 18–20 Waxing Crescent |
90–110 |
| Leek transplant |
Dec 13 | Jan 22 – Feb 21 | Feb 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
100–120 |
| Lettuce (head) transplant |
Jan 3 | Jan 22 – Feb 21 | Jan 22–24, Feb 18–20 Waxing Crescent |
60–85 |
| Parsley either |
Dec 20 | Jan 22 – Feb 28 | Jan 22–24, Feb 18–20 Waxing Crescent |
70–90 |
| Parsnip direct sow |
— | Jan 22 – Feb 28 | Feb 1 Full Moon |
100–150 |
| Shallot cloves/sets Mejor sembrarlo en otoño: mira abajo |
— | Jan 22 – Feb 21 | Feb 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
90–120 |
| Beet direct sow |
— | Jan 24 – Mar 14 | Feb 1, Mar 3 Full Moon |
50–65 |
| Kohlrabi either |
Jan 10 | Jan 24 – Feb 28 | Jan 24, Feb 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
45–60 |
| Carrot direct sow |
— | Jan 31 – Mar 14 | Feb 1, Mar 3 Full Moon |
65–85 |
| Cauliflower transplant |
Dec 20 | Jan 31 – Feb 21 | Feb 18–21 Waxing Crescent |
55–80 |
| Cilantro direct sow |
— | Jan 31 – Mar 14 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
45–70 |
| Swiss Chard direct sow |
— | Jan 31 – Mar 23 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
50–60 |
| Dill direct sow |
— | Feb 7 – Mar 23 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
40–60 |
| Cucumber either |
Jan 31 | Feb 21 – Mar 23 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
50–70 |
| Green Beans (bush) direct sow |
— | Feb 21 – Apr 7 | Feb 24, Mar 25 First Quarter |
50–65 |
| Oregano transplant |
Dec 27 | Feb 21 – Mar 14 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Sage transplant |
Dec 27 | Feb 21 – Mar 14 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Sweet Corn direct sow |
— | Feb 21 – Apr 7 | Feb 24, Mar 25 First Quarter |
60–100 |
| Thyme transplant |
Dec 27 | Feb 21 – Mar 14 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Zucchini / Summer Squash either |
Jan 31 | Feb 21 – Mar 23 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
45–60 |
| Basil either |
Jan 10 | Feb 28 – Mar 23 | Mar 19–23 Waxing Crescent |
30–60 |
| Dry Beans direct sow |
— | Feb 28 – Mar 28 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
85–100 |
| Pole Beans direct sow |
— | Feb 28 – Apr 2 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
60–75 |
| Pumpkin direct sow |
Jan 31 | Feb 28 – Mar 28 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
90–120 |
| Rosemary transplant |
Feb 21 | Feb 28 – Mar 23 | — First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Tomatillo transplant |
Jan 10 | Feb 28 – Mar 23 | — First Quarter |
60–75 |
| Tomato transplant |
Jan 10 | Feb 28 – Mar 23 | — First Quarter |
60–85 |
| Winter Squash direct sow |
Jan 31 | Feb 28 – Mar 28 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
85–110 |
| Cantaloupe / Muskmelon either |
Jan 31 | Mar 7 – Mar 28 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
75–90 |
| Eggplant transplant |
Dec 27 | Mar 7 – Mar 28 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
60–90 |
| Okra direct sow |
Jan 24 | Mar 7 – Apr 2 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
50–70 |
| Pepper transplant |
Dec 27 | Mar 7 – Mar 28 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
60–90 |
| Sweet Potato slips |
— | Mar 7 – Apr 2 | Mar 7–10, Apr 2 Waning Gibbous |
90–150 |
| Watermelon either |
Jan 31 | Mar 7 – Mar 28 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
70–90 |
| Strawberry (crowns) transplant |
— | Dec 23 – Jan 31 | Jan 3 Full Moon |
perennial — first real harvest next season |
Siembra de otoño en Mobile
Las fechas de otoño se cuentan hacia atrás desde la primera helada y añaden tiempo por el «factor de otoño»: los días se acortan y refrescan, así que el cultivo crece más despacio de lo que promete el sobre. Sembrar tarde es la forma más común de que falle un huerto de otoño.
| Cultivo | Sembrar o trasplantar | Mejores días lunares | Días hasta la cosecha | Resistencia al frío |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tomato | Jul 21 – Aug 26 | Jul 21, Aug 19 | 60–85 | very tender |
| Brussels Sprouts | Jul 24 – Aug 10 | — | 90–110 | hardy |
| Potato | Jul 29 – Aug 30 | Jul 29, Aug 27 | 70–120 | semi-hardy |
| Sweet Corn | Aug 3 – Aug 26 | Aug 19 | 60–100 | tender |
| Pole Beans | Aug 13 – Aug 26 | Aug 19 | 60–75 | tender |
| Parsley | Aug 16 – Aug 30 | Aug 16–18 | 70–90 | semi-hardy |
| Okra | Aug 18 – Sep 17 | Aug 19 | 50–70 | very tender |
| Cabbage | Aug 23 – Sep 4 | — | 65–90 | hardy |
| Carrot | Aug 23 – Sep 4 | Aug 27 | 65–85 | semi-hardy |
| Collards | Aug 23 – Sep 14 | Sep 11–14 | 55–85 | hardy |
| Cucumber | Aug 23 – Sep 5 | — | 50–70 | tender |
| Broccoli | Aug 28 – Sep 14 | Sep 11–14 | 55–80 | hardy |
| Cauliflower | Aug 28 – Sep 14 | Sep 11–14 | 55–80 | semi-hardy |
| Green Beans (bush) | Aug 28 – Sep 5 | — | 50–65 | tender |
| Lettuce (head) | Aug 28 – Sep 9 | — | 60–85 | semi-hardy |
| Peas (English/snap) | Aug 28 – Sep 14 | — | 55–75 | hardy |
| Beet | Sep 2 – Sep 19 | — | 50–65 | semi-hardy |
| Kale | Sep 2 – Sep 19 | Sep 11–16 | 50–65 | hardy |
| Swiss Chard | Sep 2 – Sep 19 | Sep 11–16 | 50–60 | semi-hardy |
| Zucchini / Summer Squash | Sep 2 – Sep 10 | — | 45–60 | tender |
| Basil | Sep 7 – Sep 25 | Sep 11–16 | 30–60 | very tender |
| Kohlrabi | Sep 7 – Sep 24 | Sep 11–16 | 45–60 | hardy |
| Cilantro | Sep 12 – Sep 24 | Sep 12–17 | 45–70 | semi-hardy |
| Lettuce (leaf) | Sep 12 – Sep 29 | Sep 12–17 | 40–55 | semi-hardy |
| Turnip | Sep 12 – Sep 29 | Sep 27–29 | 40–60 | hardy |
| Spinach | Sep 17 – Oct 4 | Sep 17 | 35–50 | hardy |
| Dill | Sep 22 – Sep 29 | — | 40–60 | semi-hardy |
| Radish | Sep 22 – Oct 17 | Sep 27–Oct 2 | 22–35 | hardy |
| Garlic | Nov 6 – Dec 27 | Nov 25–30 | 240–300 | hardy |
| Shallot | Nov 20 – Dec 21 | Nov 25–30 | 90–120 | hardy |
De dónde salen estos números
Las fechas de helada de esta página son normales observadas en estación, no estimaciones: vienen de Mobile Dwtn Ap (GHCN USW00013838), una de las 6.808 estaciones de EE. UU. de las Climate Normals 1991–2020 de la NOAA. La zona de rusticidad es del USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map de 2023. Los tiempos de cultivo se expresan como desfases respecto a tus heladas, tomados de guías de siembra de la Extensión universitaria.
¿Qué precisión tiene todo esto?
Extension recommendations for the same crop routinely disagree by two to four weeks, and occasionally more, so these offsets should be presented as windows and starting points rather than deadlines. Three things drive the spread. (1) Regional risk tolerance: for warm-season crops, Colorado State and Utah State put tomatoes, peppers and melons out about 14 days after the last frost, while University of Missouri's calendar works out to roughly 25-35 days after the last frost and University of Maryland's window runs from the frost date itself out to 45 days past it. That is a real 6-week spread for the single most popular garden crop, and it exists because a short-season mountain state is optimizing against a short season while a humid continental state is optimizing against cold, wet spring soil. (2) Soil temperature versus calendar date: most Extension services now say the honest trigger is soil temperature at 4 inches, not the frost date, and the frost-relative number is a convenience translation. A cold, wet spring can push the real date two or three weeks past the calendar recommendation. (3) Days-to-maturity is variety-specific and is measured differently for direct-seeded versus transplanted crops - seed catalogs count from transplant date for tomatoes, peppers, eggplant and cole crops, but from sowing for roots and greens - so a 'days to maturity' range of 60-85 for tomato is genuinely 60-85 depending on which packet you bought. Additionally, the average last frost is a 50% probability, meaning half of all years have a frost after that date; Extension services commonly advise waiting 1-2 weeks past it for anything frost-tender, or being prepared to cover. Treat every number here as plus or minus about 10-14 days.
Sobre la estación en sí: una estación meteorológica es un punto. Las ciudades retienen el calor, los valles acumulan aire frío y un huerto en ladera norte puede ir dos semanas por detrás de otro a una milla. Toma esta página como punto de partida y deja que tu propio huerto la corrija: para eso está el diario de la app.
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Avisos de siembra para Mobile
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