真正要紧的四个日期
| 日期 | 什么时候 | 意味着什么 |
|---|---|---|
| 春季终霜 (50%) | Feb 11 | 有一半的年份会在这个日期之后还结霜。这是平均值,不是保证。 |
| 春季终霜 (10%) | Mar 13 | 只有十年里的一年会在这之后结霜。凡是不能重种的作物,就按这个日期来。 |
| 秋季初霜 (50%) | Dec 3 | 有一半的年份会在这个日期之前结霜。秋菜就是从这里往回推算的。 |
| 秋季初霜 (10%) | Nov 15 | 早霜年份。如果某种作物必须收成,就争取在这之前收。 |
Stockton 的春夏播种
这些日期是按本地自己的终霜日期算出来的,不是照搬通用的分区表。“最佳月相日” 是每个时间窗里落在该作物传统月相上的那几天——和 App 用的是同一条规则。
| 作物 | 室内育苗 | 露地定植 | 最佳月相日 | 收获天数 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cabbage transplant |
Dec 10 | Jan 7 – Feb 4 | Jan 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
65–90 |
| Collards either |
Dec 31 | Jan 7 – Feb 25 | Jan 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
55–85 |
| Kale either |
Dec 31 | Jan 7 – Feb 11 | Jan 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
50–65 |
| Lettuce (leaf) either |
Jan 7 | Jan 7 – Mar 4 | Jan 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
40–55 |
| Potato cloves/sets |
— | Jan 7 – Feb 11 | Feb 1 Full Moon |
70–120 |
| Radish direct sow |
— | Jan 7 – Mar 4 | Jan 7–9, Feb 2–4 Waning Gibbous |
22–35 |
| Turnip direct sow |
— | Jan 7 – Feb 18 | Jan 7–9, Feb 2–4 Waning Gibbous |
40–60 |
| Broccoli transplant |
Dec 10 | Jan 12 – Feb 11 | Jan 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
55–80 |
| Brussels Sprouts transplant |
Dec 10 | Jan 12 – Feb 11 | Jan 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
90–110 |
| Leek transplant |
Dec 3 | Jan 12 – Feb 11 | Feb 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
100–120 |
| Lettuce (head) transplant |
Dec 24 | Jan 12 – Feb 11 | Jan 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
60–85 |
| Parsley either |
Dec 10 | Jan 12 – Feb 18 | Jan 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
70–90 |
| Parsnip direct sow |
— | Jan 12 – Feb 18 | Feb 1 Full Moon |
100–150 |
| Shallot cloves/sets 更适合秋播——见下文 |
— | Jan 12 – Feb 11 | Feb 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
90–120 |
| Beet direct sow |
— | Jan 14 – Mar 4 | Feb 1, Mar 3 Full Moon |
50–65 |
| Kohlrabi either |
Dec 31 | Jan 14 – Feb 18 | Jan 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
45–60 |
| Carrot direct sow |
— | Jan 21 – Mar 4 | Feb 1, Mar 3 Full Moon |
65–85 |
| Cauliflower transplant |
Dec 10 | Jan 21 – Feb 11 | Jan 21–24 Waxing Crescent |
55–80 |
| Cilantro direct sow |
— | Jan 21 – Mar 4 | Jan 21–24, Feb 18–19 Waxing Crescent |
45–70 |
| Swiss Chard direct sow |
— | Jan 21 – Mar 13 | Jan 21–24, Feb 18–19 Waxing Crescent |
50–60 |
| Dill direct sow |
— | Jan 28 – Mar 13 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
40–60 |
| Cucumber either |
Jan 21 | Feb 11 – Mar 13 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
50–70 |
| Green Beans (bush) direct sow |
— | Feb 11 – Mar 28 | Feb 24, Mar 25 First Quarter |
50–65 |
| Oregano transplant |
Dec 17 | Feb 11 – Mar 4 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Sage transplant |
Dec 17 | Feb 11 – Mar 4 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Sweet Corn direct sow |
— | Feb 11 – Mar 28 | Feb 24, Mar 25 First Quarter |
60–100 |
| Thyme transplant |
Dec 17 | Feb 11 – Mar 4 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Zucchini / Summer Squash either |
Jan 21 | Feb 11 – Mar 13 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
45–60 |
| Basil either |
Dec 31 | Feb 18 – Mar 13 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
30–60 |
| Dry Beans direct sow |
— | Feb 18 – Mar 18 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
85–100 |
| Pole Beans direct sow |
— | Feb 18 – Mar 23 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
60–75 |
| Pumpkin direct sow |
Jan 21 | Feb 18 – Mar 18 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
90–120 |
| Rosemary transplant |
Feb 11 | Feb 18 – Mar 13 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Tomatillo transplant |
Dec 31 | Feb 18 – Mar 13 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
60–75 |
| Tomato transplant |
Dec 31 | Feb 18 – Mar 13 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
60–85 |
| Winter Squash direct sow |
Jan 21 | Feb 18 – Mar 18 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
85–110 |
| Cantaloupe / Muskmelon either |
Jan 21 | Feb 25 – Mar 18 | — First Quarter |
75–90 |
| Eggplant transplant |
Dec 17 | Feb 25 – Mar 18 | — First Quarter |
60–90 |
| Okra direct sow |
Jan 14 | Feb 25 – Mar 23 | — First Quarter |
50–70 |
| Pepper transplant |
Dec 17 | Feb 25 – Mar 18 | — First Quarter |
60–90 |
| Sweet Potato slips |
— | Feb 25 – Mar 23 | Mar 4–9 Waning Gibbous |
90–150 |
| Watermelon either |
Jan 21 | Feb 25 – Mar 18 | — First Quarter |
70–90 |
| Strawberry (crowns) transplant |
— | Dec 13 – Jan 21 | Jan 3 Full Moon |
perennial — first real harvest next season |
| Garlic cloves/sets 更适合秋播——见下文 |
— | Dec 26 – Jan 26 | Jan 4–9 Waning Gibbous |
240–300 |
| Asparagus (crowns) transplant |
— | Dec 31 – Feb 4 | Jan 25 First Quarter |
perennial — first real harvest 2–3 years |
| Chives either |
Dec 17 | Dec 31 – Feb 4 | Jan 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
75–90 |
| Onion (from sets/transplants) cloves/sets |
— | Dec 31 – Feb 4 | Jan 4–9 Waning Gibbous |
90–120 |
| Peas (English/snap) direct sow |
— | Dec 31 – Feb 4 | Jan 25 First Quarter |
55–75 |
| Spinach direct sow |
— | Dec 31 – Feb 4 | Jan 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
35–50 |
Stockton 的秋季播种
秋季日期是从初霜往回推算的,而且还要为“秋季系数”多留出时间:白天 越来越短、越来越凉,作物长得比种子袋上写的慢。播得太晚,是秋菜失败最常见的一个原因。
| 作物 | 播种或定植 | 最佳月相日 | 收获天数 | 耐寒性 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tomato | Jul 18 – Aug 23 | Jul 21, Aug 19 | 60–85 | very tender |
| Brussels Sprouts | Jul 21 – Aug 7 | — | 90–110 | hardy |
| Potato | Jul 26 – Aug 27 | Jul 29, Aug 27 | 70–120 | semi-hardy |
| Sweet Corn | Jul 31 – Aug 23 | Aug 19 | 60–100 | tender |
| Pole Beans | Aug 10 – Aug 23 | Aug 19 | 60–75 | tender |
| Parsley | Aug 13 – Aug 27 | Aug 13–18 | 70–90 | semi-hardy |
| Okra | Aug 15 – Sep 14 | Aug 19 | 50–70 | very tender |
| Cabbage | Aug 20 – Sep 1 | — | 65–90 | hardy |
| Carrot | Aug 20 – Sep 1 | Aug 27 | 65–85 | semi-hardy |
| Collards | Aug 20 – Sep 11 | Sep 11 | 55–85 | hardy |
| Cucumber | Aug 20 – Sep 2 | — | 50–70 | tender |
| Broccoli | Aug 25 – Sep 11 | Sep 11 | 55–80 | hardy |
| Cauliflower | Aug 25 – Sep 11 | Sep 11 | 55–80 | semi-hardy |
| Green Beans (bush) | Aug 25 – Sep 2 | — | 50–65 | tender |
| Lettuce (head) | Aug 25 – Sep 6 | — | 60–85 | semi-hardy |
| Peas (English/snap) | Aug 25 – Sep 11 | — | 55–75 | hardy |
| Beet | Aug 30 – Sep 16 | — | 50–65 | semi-hardy |
| Kale | Aug 30 – Sep 16 | Sep 11–16 | 50–65 | hardy |
| Swiss Chard | Aug 30 – Sep 16 | Sep 11–16 | 50–60 | semi-hardy |
| Zucchini / Summer Squash | Aug 30 – Sep 7 | — | 45–60 | tender |
| Basil | Sep 4 – Sep 22 | Sep 11–16 | 30–60 | very tender |
| Kohlrabi | Sep 4 – Sep 21 | Sep 11–16 | 45–60 | hardy |
| Cilantro | Sep 9 – Sep 21 | Sep 11–16 | 45–70 | semi-hardy |
| Lettuce (leaf) | Sep 9 – Sep 26 | Sep 11–16 | 40–55 | semi-hardy |
| Turnip | Sep 9 – Sep 26 | — | 40–60 | hardy |
| Spinach | Sep 14 – Oct 1 | Sep 14–17 | 35–50 | hardy |
| Dill | Sep 19 – Sep 26 | — | 40–60 | semi-hardy |
| Radish | Sep 19 – Oct 14 | Sep 27–Oct 2 | 22–35 | hardy |
| Garlic | Nov 3 – Dec 24 | Nov 25–29, Dec 24 | 240–300 | hardy |
| Shallot | Nov 17 – Dec 18 | Nov 25–29 | 90–120 | hardy |
这些数字从哪儿来
Stockton 城内没有长期记录的气象站,所以这里的霜冻日期是 模型推算的,不是实测的。它来自一张半度分辨率的气候网格:把 6,808 个 NOAA 站点(1991–2020 常态值)的 结霜日期与地形、2023 年 USDA 耐寒栅格拟合之后,再读取你所在城市落在的那个网格。拿这些站点本身做校验, 该模型平均误差大约在一周以内——分区与站点完全吻合的比例为 67%,相差不超过半个分区的比例为 97%。 一个网格大约覆盖 35 × 28 英里,所以这是一个“街区级”的答案,不是“后院级”的。如果你附近有 有气象站支撑的地点, 优先用那一个。
这些数据到底有多准?
Extension recommendations for the same crop routinely disagree by two to four weeks, and occasionally more, so these offsets should be presented as windows and starting points rather than deadlines. Three things drive the spread. (1) Regional risk tolerance: for warm-season crops, Colorado State and Utah State put tomatoes, peppers and melons out about 14 days after the last frost, while University of Missouri's calendar works out to roughly 25-35 days after the last frost and University of Maryland's window runs from the frost date itself out to 45 days past it. That is a real 6-week spread for the single most popular garden crop, and it exists because a short-season mountain state is optimizing against a short season while a humid continental state is optimizing against cold, wet spring soil. (2) Soil temperature versus calendar date: most Extension services now say the honest trigger is soil temperature at 4 inches, not the frost date, and the frost-relative number is a convenience translation. A cold, wet spring can push the real date two or three weeks past the calendar recommendation. (3) Days-to-maturity is variety-specific and is measured differently for direct-seeded versus transplanted crops - seed catalogs count from transplant date for tomatoes, peppers, eggplant and cole crops, but from sowing for roots and greens - so a 'days to maturity' range of 60-85 for tomato is genuinely 60-85 depending on which packet you bought. Additionally, the average last frost is a 50% probability, meaning half of all years have a frost after that date; Extension services commonly advise waiting 1-2 weeks past it for anything frost-tender, or being prepared to cover. Treat every number here as plus or minus about 10-14 days.
关于气象站本身:一个气象站只是一个点。城市会蓄热,山谷会积冷空气, 朝北坡地上的菜园可能比一英里外的晚上两周。把这一页当成起点,让你自己的菜园去修正它—— App 里的日记正是为此而设。
附近的地点
Stockton 的播种提醒
每逢新月和满月发一封短信,告诉你 Stockton 现在正好在哪些作物的种植窗口里——依据本页的霜冻日期算出。免费,一键退订。
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想在菜园里用手机看?Moon Phase Garden 把你的霜冻日期、种植时间窗和今晚的月相放在一处, 离线也能用,还能让你用自家菜园的实际情况覆盖这些日期。免费,无广告。