Les quatre dates qui comptent
| Date | Quand | Ce que cela veut dire |
|---|---|---|
| Dernier gel de printemps (50 %) | Mar 24 | Une année sur deux gèle après cette date. C’est une moyenne, pas une garantie. |
| Dernier gel de printemps (10 %) | Apr 6 | Une année sur dix seulement gèle après. À retenir pour ce que vous ne pouvez pas vous permettre de resemer. |
| Premier gel d’automne (50 %) | Nov 18 | Une année sur deux gèle avant cette date. Les cultures d’automne se comptent à rebours depuis là. |
| Premier gel d’automne (10 %) | Nov 5 | Une année à gel précoce. Si une culture doit finir, visez une récolte avant cette date. |
Semis de printemps et d’été à Washington, D.C.
Les dates sont calculées à partir du dernier gel propre à ce lieu, pas d’un tableau générique par zone. Les « meilleurs jours lunaires » sont les jours de chaque fenêtre qui tombent dans la phase traditionnelle de la culture — la règle même de l’application.
| Culture | Semis à l’abri | Plantation dehors | Meilleurs jours lunaires | Jours avant récolte |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strawberry (crowns) transplant |
— | Jan 23 – Mar 3 | Feb 1, Mar 3 Full Moon |
perennial — first real harvest next season |
| Garlic cloves/sets Mieux vaut semer en automne — voir plus bas |
— | Feb 5 – Mar 8 | Feb 5–8, Mar 4–5 Waning Gibbous |
240–300 |
| Asparagus (crowns) transplant |
— | Feb 10 – Mar 17 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
perennial — first real harvest 2–3 years |
| Chives either |
Jan 27 | Feb 10 – Mar 17 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
75–90 |
| Onion (from sets/transplants) cloves/sets |
— | Feb 10 – Mar 17 | Mar 4–9 Waning Gibbous |
90–120 |
| Peas (English/snap) direct sow |
— | Feb 10 – Mar 17 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
55–75 |
| Spinach direct sow |
— | Feb 10 – Mar 17 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
35–50 |
| Cabbage transplant |
Jan 20 | Feb 17 – Mar 17 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
65–90 |
| Collards either |
Feb 10 | Feb 17 – Apr 7 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
55–85 |
| Kale either |
Feb 10 | Feb 17 – Mar 24 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
50–65 |
| Lettuce (leaf) either |
Feb 17 | Feb 17 – Apr 14 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
40–55 |
| Potato cloves/sets |
— | Feb 17 – Mar 24 | Mar 3 Full Moon |
70–120 |
| Radish direct sow |
— | Feb 17 – Apr 14 | Mar 4–9 Waning Gibbous |
22–35 |
| Turnip direct sow |
— | Feb 17 – Mar 31 | Mar 4–9 Waning Gibbous |
40–60 |
| Broccoli transplant |
Jan 20 | Feb 22 – Mar 24 | Feb 22–23, Mar 19–22 Waxing Crescent |
55–80 |
| Brussels Sprouts transplant |
Jan 20 | Feb 22 – Mar 24 | Feb 22–23, Mar 19–22 Waxing Crescent |
90–110 |
| Leek transplant |
Jan 13 | Feb 22 – Mar 24 | Mar 4–9 Waning Gibbous |
100–120 |
| Lettuce (head) transplant |
Feb 3 | Feb 22 – Mar 24 | Feb 22–23, Mar 19–22 Waxing Crescent |
60–85 |
| Parsley either |
Jan 20 | Feb 22 – Mar 31 | Feb 22–23, Mar 19–22 Waxing Crescent |
70–90 |
| Parsnip direct sow |
— | Feb 22 – Mar 31 | Mar 3 Full Moon |
100–150 |
| Shallot cloves/sets Mieux vaut semer en automne — voir plus bas |
— | Feb 22 – Mar 24 | Mar 4–9 Waning Gibbous |
90–120 |
| Beet direct sow |
— | Feb 24 – Apr 14 | Mar 3, Apr 1 Full Moon |
50–65 |
| Kohlrabi either |
Feb 10 | Feb 24 – Mar 31 | Mar 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
45–60 |
| Carrot direct sow |
— | Mar 3 – Apr 14 | Mar 3, Apr 1 Full Moon |
65–85 |
| Cauliflower transplant |
Jan 20 | Mar 3 – Mar 24 | Mar 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
55–80 |
| Cilantro direct sow |
— | Mar 3 – Apr 14 | Mar 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
45–70 |
| Swiss Chard direct sow |
— | Mar 3 – Apr 23 | Mar 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
50–60 |
| Dill direct sow |
— | Mar 10 – Apr 23 | Mar 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
40–60 |
| Cucumber either |
Mar 3 | Mar 24 – Apr 23 | Mar 25, Apr 23 First Quarter |
50–70 |
| Green Beans (bush) direct sow |
— | Mar 24 – May 8 | Mar 25, Apr 23 First Quarter |
50–65 |
| Oregano transplant |
Jan 27 | Mar 24 – Apr 14 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Sage transplant |
Jan 27 | Mar 24 – Apr 14 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Sweet Corn direct sow |
— | Mar 24 – May 8 | Mar 25, Apr 23 First Quarter |
60–100 |
| Thyme transplant |
Jan 27 | Mar 24 – Apr 14 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Zucchini / Summer Squash either |
Mar 3 | Mar 24 – Apr 23 | Mar 25, Apr 23 First Quarter |
45–60 |
| Basil either |
Feb 10 | Mar 31 – Apr 23 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
30–60 |
| Dry Beans direct sow |
— | Mar 31 – Apr 28 | Apr 23 First Quarter |
85–100 |
| Pole Beans direct sow |
— | Mar 31 – May 3 | Apr 23 First Quarter |
60–75 |
| Pumpkin direct sow |
Mar 3 | Mar 31 – Apr 28 | Apr 23 First Quarter |
90–120 |
| Rosemary transplant |
Mar 24 | Mar 31 – Apr 23 | Apr 23 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Tomatillo transplant |
Feb 10 | Mar 31 – Apr 23 | Apr 23 First Quarter |
60–75 |
| Tomato transplant |
Feb 10 | Mar 31 – Apr 23 | Apr 23 First Quarter |
60–85 |
| Winter Squash direct sow |
Mar 3 | Mar 31 – Apr 28 | Apr 23 First Quarter |
85–110 |
| Cantaloupe / Muskmelon either |
Mar 3 | Apr 7 – Apr 28 | Apr 23 First Quarter |
75–90 |
| Eggplant transplant |
Jan 27 | Apr 7 – Apr 28 | Apr 23 First Quarter |
60–90 |
| Okra direct sow |
Feb 24 | Apr 7 – May 3 | Apr 23 First Quarter |
50–70 |
| Pepper transplant |
Jan 27 | Apr 7 – Apr 28 | Apr 23 First Quarter |
60–90 |
| Sweet Potato slips |
— | Apr 7 – May 3 | Apr 7–9, May 2–3 Waning Gibbous |
90–150 |
| Watermelon either |
Mar 3 | Apr 7 – Apr 28 | Apr 23 First Quarter |
70–90 |
Semis d’automne à Washington, D.C.
Les dates d’automne se comptent à rebours depuis le premier gel, et elles rajoutent du temps pour le « facteur d’automne » : les jours raccourcissent et refroidissent, donc une culture pousse plus lentement que ne le promet le sachet. Semer trop tard est de loin la première cause d’échec d’un potager d’automne.
| Culture | Semer ou mettre en place | Meilleurs jours lunaires | Jours avant récolte | Rusticité |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tomato | Jul 3 – Aug 8 | Jul 21 | 60–85 | very tender |
| Brussels Sprouts | Jul 6 – Jul 23 | Jul 15–20 | 90–110 | hardy |
| Potato | Jul 11 – Aug 12 | Jul 29 | 70–120 | semi-hardy |
| Sweet Corn | Jul 16 – Aug 8 | Jul 21 | 60–100 | tender |
| Pole Beans | Jul 26 – Aug 8 | — | 60–75 | tender |
| Parsley | Jul 29 – Aug 12 | — | 70–90 | semi-hardy |
| Okra | Jul 31 – Aug 30 | Aug 19 | 50–70 | very tender |
| Cabbage | Aug 5 – Aug 17 | Aug 13–17 | 65–90 | hardy |
| Carrot | Aug 5 – Aug 17 | — | 65–85 | semi-hardy |
| Collards | Aug 5 – Aug 27 | Aug 13–18 | 55–85 | hardy |
| Cucumber | Aug 5 – Aug 18 | — | 50–70 | tender |
| Broccoli | Aug 10 – Aug 27 | Aug 13–18 | 55–80 | hardy |
| Cauliflower | Aug 10 – Aug 27 | Aug 13–18 | 55–80 | semi-hardy |
| Green Beans (bush) | Aug 10 – Aug 18 | — | 50–65 | tender |
| Lettuce (head) | Aug 10 – Aug 22 | Aug 13–18 | 60–85 | semi-hardy |
| Peas (English/snap) | Aug 10 – Aug 27 | Aug 19 | 55–75 | hardy |
| Beet | Aug 15 – Sep 1 | Aug 28 | 50–65 | semi-hardy |
| Kale | Aug 15 – Sep 1 | Aug 15–18 | 50–65 | hardy |
| Swiss Chard | Aug 15 – Sep 1 | Aug 15–18 | 50–60 | semi-hardy |
| Zucchini / Summer Squash | Aug 15 – Aug 23 | Aug 19 | 45–60 | tender |
| Basil | Aug 20 – Sep 7 | — | 30–60 | very tender |
| Kohlrabi | Aug 20 – Sep 6 | — | 45–60 | hardy |
| Cilantro | Aug 25 – Sep 6 | — | 45–70 | semi-hardy |
| Lettuce (leaf) | Aug 25 – Sep 11 | Sep 11 | 40–55 | semi-hardy |
| Turnip | Aug 25 – Sep 11 | Aug 29–Sep 3 | 40–60 | hardy |
| Spinach | Aug 30 – Sep 16 | Sep 11–16 | 35–50 | hardy |
| Dill | Sep 4 – Sep 11 | Sep 11 | 40–60 | semi-hardy |
| Radish | Sep 4 – Sep 29 | Sep 27–29 | 22–35 | hardy |
| Garlic | Oct 19 – Dec 9 | Oct 27–31, Nov 25 | 240–300 | hardy |
| Shallot | Nov 2 – Dec 3 | Nov 25–30 | 90–120 | hardy |
D’où viennent ces chiffres
Les dates de gel de cette page sont des normales observées en station, pas des estimations : elles viennent de Washington Reagan Ap (GHCN USW00013743), l’une des 6 808 stations américaines des Climate Normals 1991–2020 de la NOAA. La zone de rusticité vient de l’USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023. Le calendrier des cultures est exprimé en décalages par rapport à vos gelées, d’après les guides de semis des Extensions universitaires.
Quelle est la précision de tout cela ?
Extension recommendations for the same crop routinely disagree by two to four weeks, and occasionally more, so these offsets should be presented as windows and starting points rather than deadlines. Three things drive the spread. (1) Regional risk tolerance: for warm-season crops, Colorado State and Utah State put tomatoes, peppers and melons out about 14 days after the last frost, while University of Missouri's calendar works out to roughly 25-35 days after the last frost and University of Maryland's window runs from the frost date itself out to 45 days past it. That is a real 6-week spread for the single most popular garden crop, and it exists because a short-season mountain state is optimizing against a short season while a humid continental state is optimizing against cold, wet spring soil. (2) Soil temperature versus calendar date: most Extension services now say the honest trigger is soil temperature at 4 inches, not the frost date, and the frost-relative number is a convenience translation. A cold, wet spring can push the real date two or three weeks past the calendar recommendation. (3) Days-to-maturity is variety-specific and is measured differently for direct-seeded versus transplanted crops - seed catalogs count from transplant date for tomatoes, peppers, eggplant and cole crops, but from sowing for roots and greens - so a 'days to maturity' range of 60-85 for tomato is genuinely 60-85 depending on which packet you bought. Additionally, the average last frost is a 50% probability, meaning half of all years have a frost after that date; Extension services commonly advise waiting 1-2 weeks past it for anything frost-tender, or being prepared to cover. Treat every number here as plus or minus about 10-14 days.
Sur la station elle-même : une station météo, c’est un point. Les villes gardent leur chaleur, les vallées accumulent l’air froid, et un jardin en versant nord peut avoir deux semaines de retard sur un autre à un mile de là. Prenez cette page comme point de départ et laissez votre jardin la corriger — c’est exactement à cela que sert le journal de l’application.
Lieux proches
Rappels de semis pour Washington, D.C.
Un mot bref à chaque nouvelle et pleine lune sur ce qui est dans sa fenêtre en ce moment à Washington, D.C. — calculé d’après les dates de gel de cette page. Gratuit, un clic pour arrêter.
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