真正要紧的四个日期
| 日期 | 什么时候 | 意味着什么 |
|---|---|---|
| 春季终霜 (50%) | Feb 26 | 有一半的年份会在这个日期之后还结霜。这是平均值,不是保证。 |
| 春季终霜 (10%) | Mar 17 | 只有十年里的一年会在这之后结霜。凡是不能重种的作物,就按这个日期来。 |
| 秋季初霜 (50%) | Nov 28 | 有一半的年份会在这个日期之前结霜。秋菜就是从这里往回推算的。 |
| 秋季初霜 (10%) | Nov 7 | 早霜年份。如果某种作物必须收成,就争取在这之前收。 |
San Antonio 的春夏播种
这些日期是按本地自己的终霜日期算出来的,不是照搬通用的分区表。“最佳月相日” 是每个时间窗里落在该作物传统月相上的那几天——和 App 用的是同一条规则。
| 作物 | 室内育苗 | 露地定植 | 最佳月相日 | 收获天数 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Garlic cloves/sets 更适合秋播——见下文 |
— | Jan 10 – Feb 10 | Feb 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
240–300 |
| Asparagus (crowns) transplant |
— | Jan 15 – Feb 19 | Jan 25 First Quarter |
perennial — first real harvest 2–3 years |
| Chives either |
Jan 1 | Jan 15 – Feb 19 | Jan 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
75–90 |
| Onion (from sets/transplants) cloves/sets |
— | Jan 15 – Feb 19 | Feb 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
90–120 |
| Peas (English/snap) direct sow |
— | Jan 15 – Feb 19 | Jan 25 First Quarter |
55–75 |
| Spinach direct sow |
— | Jan 15 – Feb 19 | Jan 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
35–50 |
| Cabbage transplant |
Dec 25 | Jan 22 – Feb 19 | Jan 22–24, Feb 18–19 Waxing Crescent |
65–90 |
| Collards either |
Jan 15 | Jan 22 – Mar 12 | Jan 22–24, Feb 18–20 Waxing Crescent |
55–85 |
| Kale either |
Jan 15 | Jan 22 – Feb 26 | Jan 22–24, Feb 18–20 Waxing Crescent |
50–65 |
| Lettuce (leaf) either |
Jan 22 | Jan 22 – Mar 19 | Jan 22–24, Feb 18–20 Waxing Crescent |
40–55 |
| Potato cloves/sets |
— | Jan 22 – Feb 26 | Feb 1 Full Moon |
70–120 |
| Radish direct sow |
— | Jan 22 – Mar 19 | Feb 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
22–35 |
| Turnip direct sow |
— | Jan 22 – Mar 5 | Feb 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
40–60 |
| Broccoli transplant |
Dec 25 | Jan 27 – Feb 26 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
55–80 |
| Brussels Sprouts transplant |
Dec 25 | Jan 27 – Feb 26 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
90–110 |
| Leek transplant |
Dec 18 | Jan 27 – Feb 26 | Feb 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
100–120 |
| Lettuce (head) transplant |
Jan 8 | Jan 27 – Feb 26 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
60–85 |
| Parsley either |
Dec 25 | Jan 27 – Mar 5 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
70–90 |
| Parsnip direct sow |
— | Jan 27 – Mar 5 | Feb 1, Mar 3 Full Moon |
100–150 |
| Shallot cloves/sets 更适合秋播——见下文 |
— | Jan 27 – Feb 26 | Feb 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
90–120 |
| Beet direct sow |
— | Jan 29 – Mar 19 | Feb 1, Mar 3 Full Moon |
50–65 |
| Kohlrabi either |
Jan 15 | Jan 29 – Mar 5 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
45–60 |
| Carrot direct sow |
— | Feb 5 – Mar 19 | Mar 3 Full Moon |
65–85 |
| Cauliflower transplant |
Dec 25 | Feb 5 – Feb 26 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
55–80 |
| Cilantro direct sow |
— | Feb 5 – Mar 19 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
45–70 |
| Swiss Chard direct sow |
— | Feb 5 – Mar 28 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
50–60 |
| Dill direct sow |
— | Feb 12 – Mar 28 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
40–60 |
| Cucumber either |
Feb 5 | Feb 26 – Mar 28 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
50–70 |
| Green Beans (bush) direct sow |
— | Feb 26 – Apr 12 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
50–65 |
| Oregano transplant |
Jan 1 | Feb 26 – Mar 19 | — First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Sage transplant |
Jan 1 | Feb 26 – Mar 19 | — First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Sweet Corn direct sow |
— | Feb 26 – Apr 12 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
60–100 |
| Thyme transplant |
Jan 1 | Feb 26 – Mar 19 | — First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Zucchini / Summer Squash either |
Feb 5 | Feb 26 – Mar 28 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
45–60 |
| Basil either |
Jan 15 | Mar 5 – Mar 28 | Mar 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
30–60 |
| Dry Beans direct sow |
— | Mar 5 – Apr 2 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
85–100 |
| Pole Beans direct sow |
— | Mar 5 – Apr 7 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
60–75 |
| Pumpkin direct sow |
Feb 5 | Mar 5 – Apr 2 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
90–120 |
| Rosemary transplant |
Feb 26 | Mar 5 – Mar 28 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Tomatillo transplant |
Jan 15 | Mar 5 – Mar 28 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
60–75 |
| Tomato transplant |
Jan 15 | Mar 5 – Mar 28 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
60–85 |
| Winter Squash direct sow |
Feb 5 | Mar 5 – Apr 2 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
85–110 |
| Cantaloupe / Muskmelon either |
Feb 5 | Mar 12 – Apr 2 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
75–90 |
| Eggplant transplant |
Jan 1 | Mar 12 – Apr 2 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
60–90 |
| Okra direct sow |
Jan 29 | Mar 12 – Apr 7 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
50–70 |
| Pepper transplant |
Jan 1 | Mar 12 – Apr 2 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
60–90 |
| Sweet Potato slips |
— | Mar 12 – Apr 7 | Apr 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
90–150 |
| Watermelon either |
Feb 5 | Mar 12 – Apr 2 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
70–90 |
| Strawberry (crowns) transplant |
— | Dec 28 – Feb 5 | Jan 3, Feb 1 Full Moon |
perennial — first real harvest next season |
San Antonio 的秋季播种
秋季日期是从初霜往回推算的,而且还要为“秋季系数”多留出时间:白天 越来越短、越来越凉,作物长得比种子袋上写的慢。播得太晚,是秋菜失败最常见的一个原因。
| 作物 | 播种或定植 | 最佳月相日 | 收获天数 | 耐寒性 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tomato | Jul 13 – Aug 18 | Jul 21 | 60–85 | very tender |
| Brussels Sprouts | Jul 16 – Aug 2 | Jul 16–20 | 90–110 | hardy |
| Potato | Jul 21 – Aug 22 | Jul 29 | 70–120 | semi-hardy |
| Sweet Corn | Jul 26 – Aug 18 | — | 60–100 | tender |
| Pole Beans | Aug 5 – Aug 18 | — | 60–75 | tender |
| Parsley | Aug 8 – Aug 22 | Aug 13–18 | 70–90 | semi-hardy |
| Okra | Aug 10 – Sep 9 | Aug 19 | 50–70 | very tender |
| Cabbage | Aug 15 – Aug 27 | Aug 15–18 | 65–90 | hardy |
| Carrot | Aug 15 – Aug 27 | Aug 27 | 65–85 | semi-hardy |
| Collards | Aug 15 – Sep 6 | Aug 15–18 | 55–85 | hardy |
| Cucumber | Aug 15 – Aug 28 | Aug 19 | 50–70 | tender |
| Broccoli | Aug 20 – Sep 6 | — | 55–80 | hardy |
| Cauliflower | Aug 20 – Sep 6 | — | 55–80 | semi-hardy |
| Green Beans (bush) | Aug 20 – Aug 28 | — | 50–65 | tender |
| Lettuce (head) | Aug 20 – Sep 1 | — | 60–85 | semi-hardy |
| Peas (English/snap) | Aug 20 – Sep 6 | — | 55–75 | hardy |
| Beet | Aug 25 – Sep 11 | Aug 27 | 50–65 | semi-hardy |
| Kale | Aug 25 – Sep 11 | Sep 11 | 50–65 | hardy |
| Swiss Chard | Aug 25 – Sep 11 | Sep 11 | 50–60 | semi-hardy |
| Zucchini / Summer Squash | Aug 25 – Sep 2 | — | 45–60 | tender |
| Basil | Aug 30 – Sep 17 | Sep 11–16 | 30–60 | very tender |
| Kohlrabi | Aug 30 – Sep 16 | Sep 11–16 | 45–60 | hardy |
| Cilantro | Sep 4 – Sep 16 | Sep 11–16 | 45–70 | semi-hardy |
| Lettuce (leaf) | Sep 4 – Sep 21 | Sep 11–16 | 40–55 | semi-hardy |
| Turnip | Sep 4 – Sep 21 | — | 40–60 | hardy |
| Spinach | Sep 9 – Sep 26 | Sep 11–16 | 35–50 | hardy |
| Dill | Sep 14 – Sep 21 | Sep 14–17 | 40–60 | semi-hardy |
| Radish | Sep 14 – Oct 9 | Sep 27–Oct 2 | 22–35 | hardy |
| Garlic | Oct 29 – Dec 19 | Oct 29–31, Nov 25–27 | 240–300 | hardy |
| Shallot | Nov 12 – Dec 13 | Nov 25–30 | 90–120 | hardy |
这些数字从哪儿来
本页的霜冻日期是实测的站点常态值,不是估算:数据来自 San Antonio Intl Ap(GHCN USW00012921),它是 NOAA 1991–2020 年 《Climate Normals》所收 6,808 个美国站点之一。耐寒分区来自 2023 年 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map。作物时间以相对于你自己 霜冻日期的天数偏移量表示,取自各大学推广部(Extension)的种植指南。
这些数据到底有多准?
Extension recommendations for the same crop routinely disagree by two to four weeks, and occasionally more, so these offsets should be presented as windows and starting points rather than deadlines. Three things drive the spread. (1) Regional risk tolerance: for warm-season crops, Colorado State and Utah State put tomatoes, peppers and melons out about 14 days after the last frost, while University of Missouri's calendar works out to roughly 25-35 days after the last frost and University of Maryland's window runs from the frost date itself out to 45 days past it. That is a real 6-week spread for the single most popular garden crop, and it exists because a short-season mountain state is optimizing against a short season while a humid continental state is optimizing against cold, wet spring soil. (2) Soil temperature versus calendar date: most Extension services now say the honest trigger is soil temperature at 4 inches, not the frost date, and the frost-relative number is a convenience translation. A cold, wet spring can push the real date two or three weeks past the calendar recommendation. (3) Days-to-maturity is variety-specific and is measured differently for direct-seeded versus transplanted crops - seed catalogs count from transplant date for tomatoes, peppers, eggplant and cole crops, but from sowing for roots and greens - so a 'days to maturity' range of 60-85 for tomato is genuinely 60-85 depending on which packet you bought. Additionally, the average last frost is a 50% probability, meaning half of all years have a frost after that date; Extension services commonly advise waiting 1-2 weeks past it for anything frost-tender, or being prepared to cover. Treat every number here as plus or minus about 10-14 days.
关于气象站本身:一个气象站只是一个点。城市会蓄热,山谷会积冷空气, 朝北坡地上的菜园可能比一英里外的晚上两周。把这一页当成起点,让你自己的菜园去修正它—— App 里的日记正是为此而设。
附近的地点
San Antonio 的播种提醒
每逢新月和满月发一封短信,告诉你 San Antonio 现在正好在哪些作物的种植窗口里——依据本页的霜冻日期算出。免费,一键退订。
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想在菜园里用手机看?Moon Phase Garden 把你的霜冻日期、种植时间窗和今晚的月相放在一处, 离线也能用,还能让你用自家菜园的实际情况覆盖这些日期。免费,无广告。